Three railway companies built lines to Toronto: the Grand Trunk Railway, (GTR) the Great Western Railway and Northern Railway of Canada. This changed as new settlements and roads were established, extending from the newly established capital. The town remained occupied until May 8, when American forces departed the settlement. At first, Dorchester suggested opening the new Canada West as districts under the Quebec government, but the British Government made known its intention to split Canada into Upper and Lower Canada. Simcoe was unhappy with the then-capital of Upper Canada Newark, and proposed moving it to the site of present-day London, Ontario but was dissuaded by the difficulty of building a road to the location. Here's How City of Toronto Got Its Name | RealClearHistory As Irish and other Catholics migrated to Toronto and became a larger part of the population, the Orange Order representing Protestant elements loyal to the British Crown fought to keep control of the ruling government and civil services. The area to the northeast of St. James' became a slum. John Graves Simcoe identified the area as a strategic location to base a new capital for Upper Canada, believing Newark to be susceptible to American invasion. Mackenzie met with organized resistance, as the newly resurrected "British Constitutional Society", with William H. Draper as president, Tory aldermen Carfrae, Monro and Denison as vice-presidents, and common councilman and newspaper publisher George Gurnett as secretary, met the night before, and "from 150 to 200 of the most respectable portion of the community assembled and unanimously resolved to meet the Mayor upon his own invitation." Mexican War (1846 - 1848) - The one-year enlistment of many troops . South of King Street, west of University Avenue, more railway and warehouse lands were converted, seeing the opening of the Metro Toronto Convention Centre, a new CBC English-language headquarters; Roy Thomson Hall concert hall and the Princess of Wales Theatre. Other radial lines connected to suburbs. Upper Canada was a wilderness society settled largely by Loyalists and land-hungry farmers moving north from the United States. The settlement was renamed when Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe called for the town to be named after the Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. The Congress authorizes President James Monroe to call up one hundred thousand state militia. By this time, York was estimated to have a population of 240 persons. Almost half of Toronto's residents were born outside Canada. [77][78] Ford's election victory highlighted a political schism between the core and suburban Toronto at City Hall. At the time, they were being used as open sewers and were becoming a serious health problem. The Act split the colony into two. In the 1990s, Toronto was affected by the country-wide recession. By Tanya Garner / November 16, 2022 Hogtown is a popular nickname for Toronto. Rejecting Kingston, the choice of British Governor Lord Dorchester, the Toronto purchase site was then chosen by Simcoe on July 29, 1793, as the temporary capital of Upper Canada. 1803 - The young United States made a very good deal with France, known as the Louisiana Purchase.For 15 million dollars, they bought a vast swath of territory that reached from Gulf of Mexico to the Rockies (or Stony Mountains, as they were called then). In 1998, the Province of Ontario amalgamated the metropolitan governments and its suburbs into one unified municipality. [2] Rivire Taronto was renamed to Humber River by Simcoe. After the British-Native force failed to prevent the American landings (in present-day Parkdale), British forces ordered a withdrawal, realizing that defence was impossible. In 2013, he became embroiled in a substance abuse scandal, which was widely reported in national and foreign media. In 1971 the populations of the respective Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) for Toronto and Montreal stood at 2.7 million and 2.6 million. First Nations fishing camps were established around the waterways of Toronto as early as 1,000 BCE. It was created in 1791 by the division of the old Province of Quebec into Lower Canada in the east and Upper Canada in the west. What's Wrong With Celebrating the War of 1812? - Active History December 9, 2022. James Mease, a Philadelphia scientist, is credited with developing the recipe. [34], The third incursion at York occurred a year later, in August 1814. In March 1997, a referendum in all six municipalities produced a vote of more than 3:1 against amalgamation. Contents show 1 What is the What Was Toronto Originally Called? The Council was petitioned to rename the city Toronto during its incorporation, and on March 1, 1834, debated the issue. [8], World War I and World War II tremendously impacted the city, with tens of thousands of residents volunteering to fight and participating locally in a "total war" effort.[9]. [11][12], The use of the name Tkaronto has reemerged as an alternate name for the city in 2020. Moreover, the relative tranquility that mediates between such diverse populations is a testament to the perceived tolerant character of Canadian society. By 1981 Toronto had surpassed Montreal with a population of 3 million versus 2.8 million for Montreal. People who had lived there prior to the Mohawk drove stakes into the water to create fishing weirs. Originally, the term " Taronto " referred to a channel of water between Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching on maps as early as 1675 [1] but in time the name passed southward, and was eventually applied to a new fort at the mouth of the Humber River. [5] However, the city was not exclusively British. [15] The population loss, along with the desire to secure furs for trade, saw the Haudenosaunee Confederacy to the south invade the area and attack the Huron-Wendat Confederacy. [28] The purchase did not include the Rouge River valley, yet to be settled. Along the waterfront, new office and residential towers were built on former industrial lands. This was in response to the violent rebellions of 1837-38. In the November 2003 municipal election, David Miller was elected to replace Mel Lastman as mayor, after running a successful campaign which included a promise to cancel the proposed bridge to Toronto Island Airport. [1] For over 12,000 years, Indigenous People have lived in the Toronto area. Also in 1993, Ryerson Polytechnical Institute gained full university status and became Ryerson Polytechnic University. [13] During the 17th century, nearly half of Southern Ontario's First Nations population was wiped out from as a result of the transmission of communicable diseases between Europeans and First Nations groups. Toronto was also considered more pleasing, as the speaker noted during the debate, "He hoped Honourable Members had the same taste for musical sounds as he had". [13] Iroquoian villages during this period were located on high, fortified grounds, with access to wetlands and waterways to facilitate hunting, fishing, trade, and military operations. [30] Toronto would remain "temporary" in status until 1796.[28]. The Metro Toronto government took over the construction and maintenance of region-wide infrastructure, building water treatment plants, roads, public transit and expressways, to facilitate the growth of the suburbs.[58]. From August 1793 to March 1834, the settlement was known as York, sharing the same name as the county it was situated in. A more disparaging nickname used by the early residents was Little York,[2] referring to its establishment as a collection of twelve log homes at the mouth of the Don River surrounded by wilderness, and used in comparison to New York City in the United States and York in England. The settlement it defended was renamed York on August 26, 1793, as Simcoe favoured English names over those of First Nations languages, in honour of Prince Frederick, Duke of York. After the British captured Fort Niagara in July 1759, Fort Rouill was destroyed by its French occupants, who withdrew to Montreal. The French established another trading post in 1750 on the Humber River. Tomato ketchup is invented. Civilian manufacturing companies, such as Inglis, were converted to war-time production of armaments. In 1720, Captain Alexandre Dagneau established Fort Douville on the Humber River, near the shore of Lake Ontario. As well, the Canadian government eliminated its public housing programs. During the 1880s, the TSM added instructors, expanded its curriculum, and focused on clinical instruction. What Did Toronto Used To Be Called In 1812? - Ontario Bakery The British and the U.S. used the watershed between the Hudson Bay and the Mississippi/Missouri rivers to establish the northern . New skyscrapers included, the Royal Trust Tower, 1969, First Canadian Place, 1975, the CN Tower, 1975, Royal Bank Plaza, South Tower, 1977, the First Bank Tower, 1979, Scotia Plaza, 1988, the SkyDome, 1989, the BCE PlaceCanada Trust Tower, 1990 and the Bay Wellington Tower, 1990. Discover Canada - Canada's History - Canada.ca The War of 1812 (which lasted from 1812 to 1814) was a military conflict between the United States and Great Britain. These led from northern and western Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. After the War of 1812 and into the 1820s, both Canada and Britain experienced a depression. The Great Irish Famine (18451849) brought a large number of Irish into the city, a slight majority of whom were Protestant. French maps from the 1680s to 1760s identify present-day Lake Simcoe as Lac de Taronto. When Was York Called Toronto? - Ontario Bakery Macleod (18761935) and Frederick Banting (18911941), shared the Nobel prize in Medicine for their 1921 discovery of insulin, putting Toronto on the world map of advanced science.[54][55]. In 1879, the first Toronto Industrial Exhibition was held. By 1900, the centre of business had moved west of the historical Town of York site. By Darrel Pratt February 3, 2023 In Toronto To differentiate from York in England and New York City, the town was known as " Little York ". What the residents did have was lots of trees, and the prospect of many more years of back breaking work to clear the land for farming. [9] The City of Toronto was incorporated on March 6, 1834. Name of Canada's largest city, used for other, sometimes distant places in the past, "The 6ix" redirects here. [2], During his travels in Upper Canada in 1796, Isaac Weld wrote about Simcoe's policy of assigning English names to locations in Upper Canada. The word toronto, meaning 'plenty', appeared in a French lexicon of the Wyandot language in 1632. A single Union Station was built to replace the several railway stations of the rail lines. (Show more) Key People: This was addressed in October 1918, when the construction of the Prince Edward Viaduct, was finalized, linking Bloor Street on the western side of the ravine with Danforth Avenue on the east. They lost interest in Ireland after the establishment of Northern Ireland and the Orange influence faded after 1940. The most vocal opponents were John Willson, and Mr. Jarvis and Mr. Bidwell. Mackenzie decided to take the matter directly to the citizens and called a public meeting at the Market Square on July 29, 1834 "for six, that being the hour at which the Mechanicks and labouring classes can most conveniently attend without breaking on a day's labour." It was the closest British colony, but Madison also had political reasons for targeting America's northern neighbor. Why Was Toronto Called Hogtown? - Tovisorga.com By 1686, Passage de Taronto referred to a canoe route tracking what is now the Humber River. In 2002, Toronto hosted World Youth Day 2002 and a visit by Pope John Paul II. Upon their departure, British forces rigged Fort York's gunpowder magazine to explode. Originating in local indigenous languages that reflected a wider regional geographic history, and then re-shaped through the tongues of French explorers and subsequent British settlers, here is an overview of how the city of Toronto got its name. In the resulting chaos, the city ground to a halt, with people taking to the streets to party and talk to their neighbours. [15] The two Seneca settlements were abandoned by 1687. [13], In 1786, Lord Dorchester arrived in Quebec City as Governor-in-Chief of British North America. [21] The success of Fort Douville prompted the British to build a larger trading post in Oswego, New York. American forces did not attempt a landing during this incursion, although remained outside the town's harbour for the following three days before departing. Early in the afternoon of April 27, 1813, the earth moved for the residents of the town of York, destined to become the city of Toronto. [17] Berczy noted that "it is the old, original name of the place, and the sound is in every respect much better". The total urbanized population was not counted as it is today to include the greater area, those just outside the city limits made for a significantly higher population. As they did in the American Revolution, Haudenosaunee warriors fought on both sides of the War of 1812, disrupting the Great Law of Peace. They were dissolved by an act of the Government of Ontario, and formed into a single-tier City of Toronto (colloquially dubbed the "megacity") replacing all six governments. American troops rampaged through York during the War of 1812, which was provocation that led to British troops famously burning the White House. York. 11. Canada had a brief but intense conflict with the | Chegg.com The Island Airport was taken over for training of the Royal Norwegian Air Force and the Royal Canadian Air Force. Two weeks later, the city was also affected by the 2003 North America blackout. Toronto has also been home to the Hockey Hall of Fame (1943), since 1961. [60], During the 1960s and 1970s, Toronto's downtown core was rebuilt with new, taller, skyscrapers. Bill Rawling, "Technology and Innovation in the Toronto Police Force, 18751925". In 1786, Lord Dorchester arrived in Quebec City as Governor-in-Chief of British North America. On 6 August 1814, an American naval squadron arrived outside of York's harbour, dispatching USSLady of the Lake to enter the town's harbour in an effort to gauge its defences. [14], Dorchester intended for the location of the new capital to be named Toronto. Upper Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia Much of Castle Frank Brook became covered during this time. [81] Within six months, on December 20, 2013, Toronto was brought to a halt by the worst ice storm in the city's history, rivalling the severity of the 1998 Ice Storm. The municipal government's two largest unions, Locals 79 and 416 of the Canadian Union of Public Employees, went on strike several weeks before the scheduled event, meaning that certain basic services, such as day care and parks programs, were not available. American forces raided the town's food and military stores, as well as destroyed several military structures before departing the same night. By the latter half of the 20th century, refugees and immigrants from many other parts of the world were the major source of immigration. The variation of the moniker, "T-dot", is a hip hop-based nickname, This page was last edited on 13 May 2023, at 20:12. [4] Taronto referred to "The Narrows", a channel of water through which Lake Simcoe discharges into Lake Couchiching. Toronto hosted the G20 summit on June 2627, 2010, but it was not without protests. To differentiate from York in England and New York City, the town was known as "Little York". He expanded the town westward and northward and during his term, the first St. Lawrence Market was built in 1803. Toronto was founded as the Town of York and capital of Upper Canada in 1793 after the Mississaugas surrendered the land to the British in the Toronto Purchase. The Denison estate was subdivided in the 1850s, and into the 1880s . Rejecting Mann's town plan, Simcoe had another town plan set up. ", from Toronto, Ontario, or from Toronto; pronounced "Tee-Oh". By the 2000s, Toronto would be in serious arrears on maintenance, and in the 2000s, Toronto has started to dismantle the large projects and replace them with designs more resembling regular neighbourhoods. How Did the City of Toronto Get Its Name? - Culture Trip [17] Some sources also indicate that the name Taronto and its variants was so common on maps, that it made sense to use this word. [89][90], Lithic and Archaic periods (9,000 BCE to 1000 BCE), Formative to Classic stage (1000 BCE to 1200), See R. F. Williamson, ed., Toronto: An Illustrated History of its First 12,000 Years (Toronto: James Lorimer, 2008), ch. A new Toronto City Hall was opened; the Eaton Centre shopping and office complex; four new bank towers were built at the intersection of Bay and King Streets, the "MINT corners" and new towers along University Avenue. The Americans attacked the village and garrison during the War of 1812. History of Ontario - Wikipedia While Toronto had a firefighting brigade and two fire halls, the force could not stop the large fire and many businesses were lost. The situation was resolved when the Ontario government tabled back-to-work legislation to end the strike, and the city was back to normal before the start of World Youth Day. At Malton Airport and Downsview Airport, new aviation factories built many fighters and bombers to be used in Europe. Dorchester's first choice was Kingston, but he was aware of the number of Loyalists in the Bay of Quinte and Niagara areas, and he chose instead the location north of the Bay of Toronto, midway between the settlements and 30 miles (48km) from the US. Adjectives were sometimes attached to Little York; records from the Legislative Council of the time indicate that "dirty Little York" and "nasty Little York" were used by residents.[17]. He innovated as well in labour relations, as a pioneer in sickness and accident compensation and profit-sharing schemes. The Irish Catholics (in contrast to the French) strongly supported Canada's role in the First World War. In the 17th century, the Toronto Carrying-Place Trail along the Humber River became a strategic site for controlling the fur trade farther north. A History of Toronto - Local Histories Toronto also became the corporate capital of Canada with the majority of Canadian companies having their head offices there. The introduction of emergency telephone call boxes linked to a central dispatcher, plus bicycles, motorcycles and automobiles shifted the patrolman's duties from passively walking the beat to fast reaction to reported incidents, as well as handling automobile traffic. The reemergence of the name has been attributed to an "Indigenous awakening", that aims to honour the city's Indigenous history and to decolonize the city's name. No service was changed more dramatically than the Toronto Police. Their villages typically stood in place for around 10 to 20 years, before the inhabitants relocated to a new site. The word is likely derived from the Mohawk word tkaronto meaning "where there are trees standing in the water", which originally referred to The Narrows, near present-day Orillia. It has been argued that these immigrants' attitudes laid the foundation for Southern Ontario's (and by extension Toronto's) existing pluralistic and politically moderate culture.[24]. Their seminomadic settlement patterns included using the Toronto Passagea portage from the mouth of the Humber River to Georgian Bay as a trade route. Between 1799 and 1800, a road was constructed east of Toronto to the mouth of the Trent River by Asa Danforth. Under the Imperial policy of the time, namely the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which was rooted in Roman Law, Dorchester arranged to purchase more than 1,000 square kilometres (250,000 acres) of land from the Mississaugas in 1787. The only commercial enterprises were mills: two on the Humber River and two on Etobicoke Creek. To help recover the losses the city suffered in industries and tourism, the city held the SARS Benefit Concert (colloquially termed SARSStock), which attracted 450,000 people in late July, making it one of the ten largest concerts in history. [6] After 1650, and the destruction of Fort Sainte Marie, the Hurons left the region.[7]. [15], By the 18th century, Toronto became an important location for French fur traders, given its proximity to the Toronto Passage. The War Needs Re-Branding "The War of 1812" is an easy handle for students who struggle with dates. Last Edited. In 1954, Hurricane Hazel swept through Toronto, causing significant flooding; 81 people were killed. The GTR built the first Union Station in 1858 in the downtown area. Dickens described Toronto as "full of life, motion, business and improvement. Toronto Was the Second Fastest Growing Metropolitan Area and the Top Growing City in All of the United States and Canada", "Toronto declares state of emergency amid COVID-19 pandemic", "We are declaring a State of Emergency as part of the City's ongoing efforts to stop the spread of COVID-19 and to ensure the municipal government can continue to act and respond quickly to the pandemic and any other events that arise in the weeks ahead", "Ontario government declares state of emergency amid coronavirus pandemic", "1st death confirmed in Ontario as province declares state of emergency over COVID-19 | CBC News", "Ontario government bans gatherings of 5 or more people in bid to stop coronavirus spread", 'Toronto has no history!' European settlement in the western half of the colony of Quebec was limited before 1775, amounting to only a few families in the area. Why invade Canada? An American squadron originally planned to attack British forces at Burlington Heights, although opted to raid York after finding the British at the Heights too well-entrenched. A native or resident of Ontario's capital city is called a Torontonian. Orange elements were known to use violence against Catholics and Reformers and were immune to prosecution. In early 2003, Toronto was affected by the SARS epidemic. The war was fought in Upper Canada, Lower Canada, on the Great Lakes and the Atlantic, and in . [56] The demographics of Toronto changed as a result also, as many immigrants were from countries other than the United Kingdom. This narrows was called tkaronto by the Mohawk, meaning "where there are trees standing in the water,"[2] and was recorded as early as 1615 by Samuel de Champlain. [1] For over 12,000 years, Indigenous People have lived in the Toronto area. At first, Dorchester suggested opening the new Canada West as districts under the Quebec government, but the British Government made known its intention to split the Province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada. An inequitable taxation system placed an unfair burden on the poorer members of the community. Toronto was the site of the key events of the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837, led by Mackenzie. Sheriff William Jarvis took over the meeting and interrupted Mayor Mackenzie "to propose to the Meeting a vote of censure on his conduct as Mayor." Turtle Island therefore speaks to various spiritual beliefs about creation and for . The Metro Government built the Gardiner Expressway and the DVP expressways in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but plans to build a large network of expressways throughout the city died in 1971 with the cancellation of the Spadina Expressway. The announcement touched off vociferous public objections. [57], The provincial government created the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto, a metropolitan government that incorporated numerous local municipalities in 1954. Canadian colonization agents at the seaports of Hamburg and Bremen recruited Poles, Germans, Ukrainians, and Austro-Hungarians. Immigration, high birth rates and influx from the surrounding rural population accounted for much of this growth, although immigration had slowed substantially by the 1880s if compared to the generation prior. In 1887, the TSM became the medical faculty of the University of Toronto, increasing its emphasis on research within the medical curriculum. It is to be lamented that the Indian names, so grand and sonorous, should ever have been changed for others. However, the Americans soon withdrew. However, the location on this map is east of Lake Nipissing and northwest of Montreal in what is now Quebec. From August 1793 to March 1834, the settlement was known as York, sharing the same name as the county it was situated in. The history of Ontario covers the period from the arrival of Paleo-Indians thousands of years ago to the present day. [25] His mission was to solve the problems of the newly landed Loyalists from the United States after the US War of Independence. The merger was proposed as a cost-saving measure by the Progressive Conservative provincial government under Mike Harris. Government buildings were erected near Parliament and Front Street. [17][18], The first European to set foot on the shores of Lake Ontario in the vicinity of what is now Toronto may have been French explorer tienne Brl, taking the Toronto Passage from Huronia in 1615;[19] although the claim is disputed by several scholars, who suggest that Brl took a more westerly route and reached Lake Erie, as opposed to Lake Ontario. His political career, particularly his mayoralty, saw a number of personal and work-related controversies and legal proceedings.

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