[5] The rich also drank wine,[2] which was mostly imported from Europe, though some wine was produced by vineyards in Southern England. Before finding a home with TheTravel, her focus was indie publications and she has been published with Bolde, The Arts Fuse, The Silver Tongue, LI Pulse, Tattooed Heroine Magazine, and more. The British sometimes call it egg flip, but its most common name is related to old English, writes Icelandic food historian Nanna Rognvaldardottir for Whats Cooking America. Remove from heat and allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. Once the mixture has cooled, transfer it to a clean fermentation vessel. It's made with red wine, warming spices like cinnamon and cloves, and sweeteners like sugar or honey. Those expensive ingredients made eggnog a drink of the wealthy in Britain, she writes, but in America it became more common and became associated with rum. Then break up the bread, add it to the syrup, and let the bread soak up the syrup. If you don't like ale or beer you can use cider instead. 1 tbsp chopped parsley Oil or fat for grilling, Basting sauce: "; Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery Books, Harleian MS 279, p.40. Top 10 Places in England to Experience a Medieval Banquet, Top 10 Places in Medieval Europe to Experience a Medieval Banquet. 1. Skim if needed, then add the prepared onions, herbs, spices, salt and wine. "Medieval Food and Drink" https://englishhistory.net/middle-ages/food-and-drink/, January 12, 2022, You are here: Home Middle Ages Medieval Food and Drink, Copyright 1999-2023 All Rights Reserved.English HistoryOther Sites: Make A Website Hub, The Right to Display Public Domain Images, Author & Reference Information For Students, https://englishhistory.net/middle-ages/food-and-drink/, Aethelflaed Lady of the Mercians ruler of Mercia 911 to 918, Peoples Crusade (April 1096 October 1096). 2 tsp red wine vinegar If you're looking for a classic cocktail with a rich history and a warm and inviting taste, mulled wine is definitely worth a try. Cover the vessel with a clean cloth or plastic wrap and let it ferment for about 1-2 weeks. It was not very successful and most wines were imported. Meat was eaten from Sundays to Thursdays, and fish was eaten on Fridays and Saturdays and during Lent. Scrumptious Foods You Didn't Know Were Eaten in Medieval Times Troys vnces de canell & iii vnces gyngeuer; spykenard de Spayn, le pays dun denerer; garyngale, clowes gylofre, poeure long, noiey mugadey, mayioyame, cardemonii, de chescun i quarter donce; grayne de paradys, flour de queynel, de chescun dm. months[6] = " The Siteseen network is dedicated to producing unique, informative websites on a whole host of educational subjects. 1 egg, beaten. Hippocras was a popular medieval spiced wine made from red wine, sugar, and a variety of spices. Milk was also available, but usually reserved for younger people. In the early 16th century, wine was expensive for most commoners; an Act from 1536 therefore decreed that wine imported from France would have a price ceiling, with those imported from Greece and especially Spain with an even higher maximum selling price. From monks brewing beer to wealthy nobles sipping on spiced wine, Medieval drinking was a diverse and fascinating world. Ale constituted the main part of medieval drinks. Dancha 2.2 2. What did ancient Europeans eat?Unlock the European medieval - Besides quantity and diversity of food that was served and revealed the social status of its organizer the medieval banquets also determined the social status of a guests by his/her seating place on which greatly depended the food that was served. Step Back in Time & Feast on the Rich History & Hidden Secrets of Medieval Banquets! The show is about to begin. However, the two are nearly identical, with ipocras using red or white wine with an addition of spices to create a spicy, bold drink. The drink became extremely popular and was regarded as having various medicinal or even aphrodisiac properties. The Christians were forbidden to eat meat and all animal products with exception of fish on certain days like Lent and fast. Preheat the oven to 200C. Peasants sharing a simple meal of bread and drink; Livre du roi Modus et de la reine Ratio, 14th century ( Bibliothque nationale) Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century. The recipe includes a blend of spices and honey, which can be adjusted according to your taste. Tudor food is the food consumed during the Tudor period of English history, from 1485 through 1603. If you are looking for a unique and flavorful cocktail to try, then "Old Bear's Hot Spiced Wine" is definitely worth a shot. months[4] = " Explore the interesting, and fascinating selection of unique websites created and produced by the Siteseen network. But the glazing was made of lead, which found its way into the body if you . Dining Like A Medieval Peasant: Food and Drink for the Lower Orders. Inland lakes and streams provided freshwater fish and turtles, while coastal regions near oceans and seas had ample access to saltwater fish like herring, cod, whale and eel. This recipe is not quite as sweet and is more like modern recipes. In old dishes the cook is usually told to 'drawe' a fish, animal or bird, so this recipe interprets 'yopened' to mean that the fish or meat should be cut open and boned. This page was last edited on 24 June 2023, at 16:06. This cherry pottage was a genteel dish, being made with wine and white bread, and called for the use of precious white sugar! From hearty stews and meat pies to sweet and spiced beverages, the food of the Middle Ages was rich, diverse, and often influenced by the availability of ingredients, social status, and religious practices of the time. The top knights of our kingdom will battle with brawn and steel to determine one victor to protect the throne. Add the pastry to a 20cm pie plate or cake tin with a loose bottom, with a depth of 5cm. A century later, Eustace Deschamps praised the Rhine wines, and those of Greece, Malmsey, and Grenache. Take in every moment of your legendary trip with us. Though, fish was dried, smoked or salted for long-term storage to be eaten during winter. months[1] = " Learning made easy with the various learning techniques and proven teaching methods used by the Siteseen network. 1 gallon of apple cider or ale1 cup of honey or sugar1 cinnamon stick8-10 whole cloves1/2 teaspoon of ground nutmegOrange slices for garnish (optional). Ready to plan your trip details? Consumption of weak, low-alcohol drinks at this time has been estimated at around one gallon per person per day. Nobles living in a Medieval castle celebrated important occasions with grand feasts, filled with unimaginably rich foods. Buy Tickets. In fact, Medieval bartenders (or "alewives," as they were often called) were experts at crafting unique and flavorful drinks using a variety of ingredients. It was long believed that brandy had the ability to prolong good health, revive spirits, and keep a person youthful. Put into a large pan with the prepared onions and leeks. The object of these various mixtures was naturally to obtain high-flavoured beers. How do the Castles in Game of Thrones Compare to Real life European Castles? The Executioner "The Executioner" is a delicious and unique Medieval cocktail that is sure to impress. It was a popular Renaissance drink and consists of mulberry gin, wild plums, and blackberry wine, resulting in an incredibly fruity and rich flavor. As a former bartender instructor, he's spent years perfecting his craft and taught many students the art of making cocktails like a pro. Being rich in the Middle Ages led to an unhealthy life The drink is perfect for sipping on a cold winter's night and pairs well with a variety of foods. Daily: 10.0017.00 (Fridays: 20.30) It's rich and frothy like milkshake and comes together on the stove in no time. Exploring medieval recipes can offer a glimpse into the culinary world of the past, with its unique flavors, cooking methods, and cultural significance. "; The most celebrated of these beverages bore the pretentious name of nectar; those composed of spices, Asiatic aromatics, and honey, were generally called white wine. Pinch of salt The diet of the Upper Classes would have included: Manchet bread Middle Ages Drink - Lords and Ladies The Long, Rich, Boozy History of Eggnog - Smithsonian Magazine During this period, diets and cooking . In 1372, a fleet of two hundred merchants came From London to Bordeaux for wine. Includes 5 activities aimed at students 11-14 years old (KS3) & 5 activities aimed at students 14-16 year old (GCSE). [1] New foods were being brought from the newly discovered Americas, such as tomatoes and potatoes. Simmer the mixture for about 10-15 minutes, stirring occasionally. It was a sign of extravagance to eat chicken, as it meant you were wealthy enough to disregard the need for eggs. The poor ate whatever meat they could find, such as rabbits, blackbirds, pheasants, partridges, hens, ducks, and pigeons. Rather, it was made by people called alewives, who were female staff responsible for 'brewing' the drink. Put enough salted water into a shallow pan to cover the fish and bring it to the boil. The French Medieval household book Le Mnagier de Paris (the Goodman of Paris) had recipes for pickling walnuts and various vegetables and fruits grown on the fictional writer's farm, but he soaked the whole lot in honey probably ruining the teeth of everyone in his household! Take alle thise thynges & cast togyder in a pot of erthe, & take thereof whan thou wilt & serue forth.'. Tudor food is the food consumed during the Tudor period of English history, from 1485 through 1603. Related: How To Make Six Basic Cocktails And What You'll Need For The Perfect Home Bar Setup. The original recipe calls for 'verjuice', a popular medieval condiment made from specially grown or (in England) unripe grapes. Stir in most of the chopped dates and pine nut kernels and stir for 2 more minutes. Rather, it was used as a drink to toast with and procured during special occasions - the tradition of only drinking it during the holiday season is more of a modern-day custom, and was also Americanized, as eggnog was first created in Europe. "; Please note that historical recipes and ingredients may vary depending on the region, time period, and availability of ingredients. Leave, covered, for 12 hours. Although pies were generally meat dishes, they made fruit tarts. electric blender, and add the sugar, spices and rose petals. months[5] = " Uncover a wealth of facts and information on a variety of subjects produced by the Siteseen network. var current_date = new Date(); month_value = current_date.getMonth(); day_value = current_date.getDate(); year_value = current_date.getFullYear(); document.write( months[month_value] ); Middle Ages Drink - Information about Middle Ages Food - Foods - Middle Ages Food Facts - Middle Ages Food Info - Middle Ages Period era - Middle Ages Period Life - Middle Ages Period Times - Life - Middle Ages Drink - Middle Ages Food History - Information about Middle Ages Food - Middle Ages Food Facts - Foods - Middle Ages Food Info - Middle Ages Drink - Cooking food in the Middle Ages - Dark Ages Foods - Medieval Food - Middle Ages Food Recipes - Food from the Middle Ages - Foods - Food for a Middle Ages King - Food and Reciepes of the Middle Ages - Middle Ages Drink - Written By Linda Alchin. Medieval sweets weren't much by our standards. The Game of Thrones Targaryan Cocktail is a must-try for fans of the popular TV series. 2 medium onions, peeled and finely chopped Do not re-boil. Fasting took place in the Advent period, meaning four weeks of lean eating to prepare for the feast. 12 tsp salt Other beers, called 'Small Beer' were sweetened simply with honey, or scented with ambergris or raspberries. Vegetables. What, how and where people ate in Tudor times depended greatly on who they were: the rich nobility enjoyed lavish feasts of meat, seafood and sugary treats, while yeomen and labourers were restricted to a diet of bread, pottages and vegetables. That first trip is what ignited a lifelong passion, and it's one that continues to be fueled through pen and paper Or, in this case, a keyboard and a computer screen. Other flavors were added to ales and beers such as bayberries, orris, or long pepper. Serve chilled or over ice, and garnish with orange zest, if desired. Beer 2 Non-Alcoholic Medieval Drinks 2.1 1. They introduced new spices from the East, such as pepper, cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, nutmeg, ginger, saffron, coriander, cumin, turmeric, fennel, mustard, etc., these spices Used in medieval recipes. [1] 18 tsp freshly ground black pepper A glass of warm Caudle | Winter Drinks | My Vintage Cooking People then could choose what they wanted to eat. One of a group of eight floor tiles at the British Museum associated with the church at Tring, Hertfordshire. If using a firm-hearted cabbage cut it into eight segments and remove the centre core. 1/21 tsp each fresh rosemary leaves, thyme leaves, and savory or marjoram leaves, bruised in a mill (use less if using dried herbs) 'Shal be yopened & ywasshe clene & ysode & yrosted on a gridel; grind peper & saffron, bred and ale mynce oynons, fri hem in ale, and do therto, and salt: boille hit, do thyn haddok in plateres, and the ciuey aboue, and ghif forth.'. Honey straight from bee hives called apiaries was the common sweetener during the period; while herbs, nuts, roots and flowers were eaten and used in medicinal tonics and teas. So, whether you're a history buff or just looking to try something new, join us on a journey through time as we explore some of the best Medieval cocktail recipes. What did kids drink in the medieval times? - Studybuff.com Medieval desserts | All Things Medieval - Ruth Johnston Figs and dates were popular all over Europe but they were considered luxurious foods and were very expensive in Central and Northern Europe. Know that rum- or brandy-soaked tipple your aunt hands you on Christmas morning? These days, he shifted his focus to teaching people how they can make unique cocktails in the comforts of their own homes. All classes commonly drank ale or beer. Many of the most popular beverages we indulge in today are actually not of this time. And while meat is clearly a feature, there are a surprising number of vegan and vegetarian dishes, so there's something for everyone. Cider as we know it today began being produced sometime around the 17th century in England when it was discovered that apples could be boiled and pressed, which gave way to the drink we know today as apple cider, with a combination of both sweet and tart flavors. For this, fry the onions in the fat until just beginning to brown. Cook gently, covered, for about 20 minutes or until segments of firm cabbage are tender. But another recipe from the Medieval household book Le Mnagier de Paris (the Goodman of Paris) suggests using the juice of Seville oranges. If you like ginger, increase the quantity. Oil could be used by strict (and wealthy) dieters for frying food in Lent, but poor people would probably use butter, and omit the costly saffron, as we've done here as its still costly! It could then easily be cut in pieces and eaten with a spoon. At home it is likely that the fictional narrator of the book, who kept a well-furnished table, would serve a large double-crust pasty or plate pie but on his journeys to and from the farm, small ones probably seemed more suitable. This recipe could be made as a starter, or as a main course if you add small pieces of toast and small strips of fried bacon both well-known medieval additions. Mix egg whites in red wine. Please enable JavaScript in your web browser to get the best experience. However, spices are extremely expensive, so they are only popular among the upper class. Caudle or Caudell is a perfect drink for winter days. Related: 11 Pics Of The Most Outrageous Cocktails And Drinks From Hotel Bars Around The World. Everyday food for the poor in the Middle Ages consisted of cabbage, beans, eggs, oats and brown bread. Enjoy the rich flavors of this medieval wine! The most celebrated of these beverages bore the pretentious name of "nectar;" those composed of spices, Asiatic aromatics, and honey, were generally called "white wine".The name of wine was also given to drinks composed of the juices of certain fruits, and in which grapes were in no way used. Wine 1.2 2. In fact, many of the things we drink today that are seasonal or 'special occasion' drinks came from a time when people drank them on the regular, simply because they were popular and the ingredients were abundant. Herbs were often used by rich Tudors to flavour their meals. Gather your friends and leave the planning to us for a night you'll never forget. Coming from the Caribbean, she explains, rum wasnt taxed as heavily as European spirits like brandy. Drinks were also considered as the essential diet during the medieval period. Decorate the tops with pastry trimmings and brush with the remaining egg. Earthenware tileshowing a feast, probably the wedding feast at Cana, Christ's first miracle. They also stewed fruit and added it to other dishes. Barley Tea 2.4 4. Join us as we feast and raise a goblet to our Queen. Wine was common to drink in the medieval period, especially for people of higher status and ranks and it was widespread across Europe, maybe even wider. Tak plays or fresch meluel or merlyng & seth it in fayre water, and then tak awey the skyn & the bones & presse the fisch in a cloth & bray it in a mortere, and tempre it vp with almond melk, & bray poudere of gynger & sugre togedere & departe the mortreux on tweyne in two pottes & coloure that on with saffroun & dresch it in disches, half of that on & half of that other, & strawe poudere of gyngere & sugre on that on & clene sugre on that other & serue it forth.'. However, the recommendation to boil cabbages all morning is best ignored! Simmer the mixture for about 20-30 minutes, stirring occasionally. During Medieval Ages, grains were eaten in three main ways: bread, ale and pottage. Cut them into bite-sized or serving portions and spoon some sauce over them. The cocktail is a satisfying mixture of blonde ingredients and is served over a large ice cube with a garnish of lemon peel. Throwing bones on the floor. For health reasons, they tended to drink alcoholic beverages. Guests ranked lower in the social hierarchy were served with less exquisite foods. In the Medieval period, people enjoyed drinking as much as we enjoy it today, and because they did not have water filters back then it was actually even more necessary to drink a brewed beverage. After the return of the Crusades, people started putting spice in their beverages and food. Cookie Settings. If the mixture is too stiff to process easily, add a little more fish cooking liquid. Among the nobility and royals, wine was the preferred beverage while medieval drinks . Remove from heat and strain into a punch bowl or individual mugs. 125g ground almonds Thai Energy Drink Billionaire Adds Froth To Beer Market - Forbes Food & Drink in the Medieval Village Everyday food for the poor in the Middle Ages consisted of cabbage, beans, eggs, oats and brown bread. The wealthier you were, the better you ate. Cider and perry both come from a very ancient origin. All classes commonly drank ale or beer. Take Creme a gode cupfulle, & put it on a straynour, thanne take yolkes of Eyroun, and put ther-to, & a lytel mylke; then strayne it throw a straynour in-to a bolle; then take Sugre y-now, put ther-to, or ellys hony forde faute of Sugre, than coloure it with Safroun; than take thin cofyns, & put it in the ovynne letre, & tat hem ben hardyd; than take a dyssche y-fastenyd on the pelys ende, & pore thin comade in-to the dyssche, & fro the dyssche in-to the cofyns; & whan they don a-ryse wet, teke hem out, ee serue hem forth.'. The earliest evidence for this change is from the 1420s. In an edict of Charles VI. In the thirteenth century, in the "Battle of Wines" we find those of Aquila, Spain, and, above all, those of Cyprus, spoken of in high terms. This cocktail is a tribute to the Targaryen family and is made with Usquaebach whisky, which is known as the water of life. "; Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday. How to cook a medieval feast: 11 recipes from the Middle Ages, Pottery figurine of a woman carrying a fish, Emperor Maximillian I (14591519) directing a group of soldiers wearing bird masks and Hungarian costume, A farmer delivers some eggs. Seeth it in gode broth; cast therto erbes yhewe gode won, and a quantite of oynouns mynced, powdour fort and safroun, and alye it with ayren and verious: but let it not seeth after. Add the wine yeast to the mixture and stir well. Inns and taverns were the first to do restaurant-like business as these establishments already had rooms with tables and chairs set aside for dining. George Washington even got in the action. When quite cold, decorate the edge of the bowl with flowers or whole cloves, and sprinkle coarse sugar over the centre. Happy cooking! See the full list here. But what about cocktails? Exploring medieval recipes can offer a glimpse into the culinary world of the past, with its unique flavors, cooking methods, and cultural significance. Just before serving decorate with the remaining dates and nuts. These expensive spices consumed by the wealthy included Pepper, Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmeg, Ginger, Saffron, Cardamon (aka Cardamom ), Coriander, Cumin, Garlic, Turmeric, Mace, Anise, Caraway and Mustard. It is a generic term that includes other fermented beverages such as ale. The poor drank ale, mead or cider and the rich were able to drink many different types of wines. Mix all the spices and herbs together. This Drawen Benes recipe on Medieval Cookery is from 14th century English and sounds like a delicious and easy protein-rich vegetarian entree. Meat. The resulting ale was something that was nearly as dark as a porter and lacked the alcohol content that we'd see in an ale today, and it was actually considered a nutritious thing to drink go figure. [4], Tudors of all classes consumed bread in all of their meals as the main source of carbohydrates; however, its quality varied. Cold Almond Milk 2.7 7. Most Common Beverages In The Medieval Period - About History 1 bottle of red wine1 cup of sugar1 cinnamon stick6-8 whole cloves1/2 teaspoon of ground ginger1/2 teaspoon of ground nutmegOrange zest for garnish (optional). The poor drank ale, mead or cider and the rich were able to drink many different types of wines. This dinner party was hosted in full theme with rich medieval characters, we decorated in a medieval style with rich fabrics and tapestries, the dinner party included medieval games and a medieval puppet theatre. In the Medieval period, though, these strange dishes would have been delicacies. Common Medieval Terms and Definitions | YourDictionary It was often served as a digestive after meals and was believed to have medicinal properties. But during the hardest time for peasants, bread and ale were more popular in middle and high classes, and for the peasants themselves, Of course, not all tables are created equally, and not all bread is either. 450g button mushrooms "; Some were even using scooped bread as plates in the Middle Ages, not unlike the bread bowls occasionally used to serve soup today. When the whole royal court assembled, hundreds of people could be sitting down to eat. Nog is an obscure dialect word that was used throughout English history to describe strong beer, and it might be where eggnog comes from. While this is not untrue, as mead was a very popular drink during those times, that's not all the medieval age brought us in terms of celebratory drinks. Bink Hallum andMarcel Mare discuss hieroglyphic texts and in particular the18th-century copy of the Book of the Seven Climes. So why not give it a try and see for yourself what all the fuss is about? The top knights of our kingdom will battle with brawn and steel to determine one victor to protect the throne. Mead 1.4 4. Meat was more expensive and, therefore, considered a more prestigious food and was mostly present on the tables of the rich and noble. "; Medieval Drinks Make a small crosscut in the centre of each lid. Eggnog-type options include syllabubs, eggnogs less-boozy cousin; The Real History Behind the Archimedes Dial in 'Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny', Why Fireworks Scare Some Dogs but Not Others, Orca Rams Into Yacht Near Scotland, Suggesting the Behavior May Be Spreading, See Inside One of Americas Last Pencil Factories, Why We Set Off Fireworks on the Fourth of July. Your Privacy Rights Obviously, if this were true, it would be everyone's go-to drink. Mulled wine is a warm and spiced Medieval cocktail that's perfect for the holiday season. Eggnog-type options include syllabubs, eggnogs less-boozy cousin; coquito in Puerto Rico; rompope in Mexico; biblia con pisco in Peru and Biersuppe in Germany. The Medieval household book Le Mnagier de Paris (the Goodman of Paris) suggested a chicken liver or meat mortrews, but this fish option would be a good substitute on 'fysshe' days when eating meat was forbidden. Men were told to refrain from scratching. It was not very successful and most wines were imported from other regions. 1 bottle of red Bordeaux wine1 tablespoon of sugar1 cinnamon stick4-6 whole cloves1/2 teaspoon of ground gingerOrange zest for garnish (optional). Mead, also known as honey wine, was a popular fermented beverage in medieval times made from honey, water, and yeast. Fruit was the dessert of non-aristocrats; later medieval letters record a father sending his son a box of pears from home to his boarding school in town. Add the honey or sugar, cinnamon stick, cloves, and ground nutmeg to the pot. months[7] = " This website is produced by the Siteseen network that specializes in producing free informative websites on a diverse range of topics. [citation needed]. 12 tsp ground ginger The rich commonly held banquets that consisted of a large variety of courses. Serve the steaks lightly sprinkled with cinnamon and any remaining sauce. Sprinkle with the salt, ginger, saffron and 4 tbsp of the vinegar. Ale and wine were the common drinks of the time. Stir occasionally while cooling to prevent a skin forming. Mix the pepper with the breadcrumbs and add them to the onions with the ale and 225ml of the water used to cook the fish. These days, he's busy teaching people how to make cocktails at home. Leave the planning to us for a night you'll never forget! Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery Books, Laud.553, p.114. Process until fully blended, then add and blend in the cream and salt. In a large pot, combine the red wine, sugar, cinnamon stick, cloves, ginger, and nutmeg. Chill while making the filling. 425ml chicken stock Many variants of mead have been found in medieval recipes, with or without alcoholic content. What did medieval people drink? - Sarah Woodbury & do therto whit gres or swete botere & myed wastel bred, & cast therto good wyn & sugre, & salte it & stere it wel togedere, & dresse it in disches; and set theryn clowe gilofre, & strewe sugre aboue.'. Medieval Food and Drink Food was an obsession for the medieval society but the majority of population consisting of serfs had to be satisfied with little. While mulled wine exists all over the US, in Europe, ipocras is still a commonly-had beverage. This recipe is from the Medieval household book Le Mnagier de Paris (the Goodman of Paris). PDF Food Composition and Production in Medieval England and Their Mutual In 'Take thyk milke; sethe it. Claret was a popular wine in medieval Europe, particularly in England, made from red Bordeaux grapes. Curator Sue Brunning looks at how Netflix film The Dig compares to the momentous historical excavation of the Sutton Hoo ship burial. Cook a classical feast: nine recipes from ancient Greece and Rome, Inside 'The Dig': how the star-studded film squares with reality of Sutton Hoo, The Anglo-Saxon ship burial at Sutton Hoo, A medieval alchemical book reveals new secrets. Nowadays, fava beans can be purchased canned or frozen as well as fresh or dried. 'To make mortreux of fisch. Medieval Food and Drink - English History var months = new Array(12); Middle Ages Drink - CiderCider (in Latin sicera) and perry can also both claim a very ancient origin.

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