Upregulation of compensatory proteins has been done in models of transgenic mice. The investigators alsoreported that body mass index (BMI) increase in nonambulatory patientsis associated with even greater respiratory impairment. However, the disease progress of BMD is relatively slow, the average age of disease onset is late and survival outcome is better than DMD, cognitive impairment is . All dystrophinopathies are inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. Becker Muscular Dystrophy - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Predominant weakness and atrophy of biceps brachii, hip adduction, and quadriceps muscles was noted along with calf and extensor forearm hypertrophy. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2005 Dec;26(12):977-9. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2005.08.012. Kottlors M, Moske-Eick O, Huebner A, Krause S, Mueller K, Kress W, Schwarzwald R, Bornemann A, Haug V, Heitzer M, Kirschner J J Neurol Sci 2010 Apr 15;291(1-2):79-85. A man in his late 40s presented to the outpatient department with weakness in the lower limbs. [19] Activity is encouraged and can be considered vital for long term survivability for these patients. Support the best week of the year and keep essential programs going strong. Braces, also calledorthoses, can support just the ankle and foot or extend over the knee. 2023, Muscular Dystrophy Association Inc. All rights reserved. [11] Since women have two X chromosomes, if one X chromosome has the non-working gene, the second X chromosome will have a working copy of the gene to compensate, because of this ability to compensate, women rarely develop symptoms. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Usually this type of muscular dystrophy doesn't appear until the teenage years or later in life. [Late onset Becker muscular dystrophy. A case report and literature White SJ, Aartsma-Rus A, Flanigan KM, et al. However, the most common cause of death for those with BMD is heart failure, and the mean life expectancy with heart involvement is the mid-40s. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Only males can get certain types of muscular dystrophy because of how the disease is inherited.. Each of the nine types of MD is being studied as well. Children with Duchenne MD will often have difficulty running, walking, or jumping. However, life expectancy tends to be lower than average. What You Need to Know Becker muscular dystrophy is similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness. 2013 Jan;23(1):25-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.07.004. Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study, National Library of Medicine LGMD2I presenting with a characteristic Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy phenotype. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. A cardiac evaluation should also be done at regular intervals as cases of BMD are at high risk of developing dilated cardiomyopathy. This can be treated by a noninvasive strategy known asbilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP). 2008 Jan. 16(1):53-61. American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Muscular Dystrophy Association. The first manifestations of Becker's muscular dystrophy may occur after the age of 30 with heterogeneous phenotypes. Read our, Muscular Dystrophy Facts and Statistics: What You Need to Know, Muscular Dystrophy vs. FSHD affects the muscles of the face, around the shoulder blades, and in the upper arms. As muscle deteriorates, a person with muscular dystrophy often develops fixations of the joints, known as contractures. To compensate for weakening muscles, those with Becker MD may start to walk on their toes, stick out their abdomen, or walk with a gait. 2008 Feb. 18(2):100-6. Typically, those with the mild form of DM1 can expect a normal life expectancy. Other forms get worse very slowly, and can take 50 or 60 years to progress. Muscular Dystrophy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Understanding Muscular Dystrophy -- the Basics, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Nancy ODell on mothering, writing, and ALS, difficulty raising the front of their foot (called, Muscle weakness that begins in the hips, pelvis, and legs, Trouble learning to sit independently and walk, Difficulty rising from a lying or sitting position, Breathing problems that may eventually require the use of a ventilator, Muscle weakness that starts in the pelvis, shoulders, hips, and thighs, Trouble lifting objects above waist height because of, Heart and breathing problems (later in life), Weakness in the muscles of the face, arms, hands, and neck, Muscle stiffness (myotonia) -- difficulty relaxing the muscles after they are tightened, Shrinking of the muscles over time (muscle wasting), Fast heartbeat (palpitations) or irregular heartbeat, Muscle weakness in the face. A case report and literature review] Rev Med Interne. Nicolas A, Raguenes-Nicol C, Ben Yaou R, et al. He then developed a late-onset myopathy, leading at age 66 years to waddling gait, difficulty climbing stairs, and calf hypertrophy. Possible complications associated with muscular dystrophies (MD) are cardiac arrhythmias. In muscular dystrophy, the weakness is in the muscles. Current research promises a brighter future. To view a presentation by an occupational therapist, see the August 2012 videoFunctional Treatment Considerations: Occupational and Physical Therapy. Mutations in the dystrophin gene lead to progressive muscle fiber degeneration and weakness. Disclaimer. Some babies will die in infancy, and others can live well into adulthood. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011 Nov 15. Dystrophin deficiency can cause somecognitive problemsin some people. and transmitted securely. Most people with Becker MD will develop weakened muscles in their heart. Thanks to general medical advances, particularly in cardiology, people with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are living longer in the 21st century than in previous decades. FOIA [27], There is no cure for any type of muscular dystrophy group. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel DAG1 mutation in a patient with rare, mild and late age of onset muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy Symptoms usually appear in men at about ages 825, but may sometimes begin later. Carrier females have a 50% chance of passing the DMD mutation in each pregnancy. De Wel B, Willaert S, Nadaj-Pakleza A, et al. The dystrophin gene is considered long, having 79 exons, and these exons are the portion of the gene where the genetic information is stored to make dystrophin protein. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Gurvich OL, Tuohy TM, Howard MT, et al. Vandenhende MA, Bonnet F, Sailler L, Bouillot S, Morlat P, Beylot J. Rev Med Interne. Sons of a man with Becker muscular dystrophy do not develop the disorder, but daughters will be carriers (and some carriers can experience some symptoms of muscular dystrophy), the daughters' sons may develop the disorder. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Patient education: Overview of muscular dystrophies (Beyond - UpToDate Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). An ECG showed R/S > 1 in lead V1, but the patient had normal cardiac parameters. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The disease onset ranged from 30 to 65 years old. . Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is similar to DMD, except it's less severe. BMD is an X-linked disorder. 2008 Jan. 63(1):81-9. Monitoring Editor: Alexander Muacevic and John R Adler. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and SkinDiseases. Conclusion: It's important that the surgical team know about that a patient has BMD so that complications can be avoided or quickly treated. [30] Physical therapy, braces, and corrective surgery may help with some symptoms[30] while assisted ventilation may be required in those with weakness of breathing muscles. Listed below are the 9 different types of muscular dystrophy. Yamada Y, Kawakami M, Wada A, Otsuka T, Muraoka K, Liu M. A comparison of swallowing dysfunction in Becker muscular dystrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Patients with constipation, gastroesophageal reflux, or gastrointestinal motility problems should be referred to a gastroenterologist. 434(1):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. 1 For more detailed information about MD types and symptoms, visit the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website, Muscular Dystrophy: Hope Through Research. MeSH Disclaimer. The most common type of MD is Duchenne muscular dystrophy. All types of MD are progressive, but they vary by age of onset, severity, and the pattern in which the muscles are affected. The disease is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the hip and shoulder areas (the limb girdles). In storage disease myopathy, a patient has pain and muscle weakness during physical activity. Becker MD causes muscle loss that begins in the hips and pelvic area, thighs, and shoulders. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Late-onset myopathies: clinical features and diagnosis. Becker muscular dystrophy typically becomes apparent between the ages of 5 and 15. [20] Inactivity (such as bed rest) or sitting down for too long can worsen the muscle disease. Muscle wasting begins in the legs and pelvis, then progresses to the muscles of the shoulders and neck. Development of multiexon skipping antisense oligonucleotide therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Ho, R., Nguyen, M.-L. & Mather, P. Cardiomyopathy in becker muscular dystrophy: Overview. 2015. He had first experienced the symptom at age 12when he found himself falling behind his fellows while running, and it slowly became progressively worse. 2005 May 10. This affects the person's ability to close the, Muscle weakness in the shoulders, upper arms, upper back, and lower legs, Difficulty raising the arms or lifting objects because of muscle weakness in the shoulders and back. A creatine kinase level greater than eight times the normal range is a sign of muscle inflammation. Those affected by the disease often die in mid-adulthood from cardiac or pulmonary failure. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). Muscular Dystrophy: Types and Symptoms - Verywell Health [15] Genetic counseling may be advisable when potential carriers or patients want to have children. Mavrogeni S, Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Papavasiliou A, Kolovou G. Cardiac involvement in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. 5:31. DMD pseudoexon mutations: splicing efficiency, phenotype, and potential therapy. Dilated cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure presents in males between age 20 and 40 years, but in carrier female carriers it is found later in life. Becker's muscular dystrophy and orthotopic heart transplantation: perioperative considerations. 2011 Nov 3. Like Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy typically affects only males (1 in 30,000) and causes . Muscle transfers, such as with the posterior tibialis muscle, also may be considered to preserve functional mobility. In some types of CMD, the brain may be affected, causing intellectual disability. Children who are born with muscular dystrophy usually develop normally for the first few years of life. StatPearls. Dystrophinopathies - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf 2011 Nov 8. It causes less severe problems than the most common type, Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 193(4):427-48. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a late-onset Becker-type muscular dystrophy in a dog, and the first description of a dystrophinopathy in a Border terrier. Becker muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive inherited disorder characterized by slowly progressing muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis. Myotonic dystrophy (DM) affects the muscles and other bodily systems in both males and females. Introduction: There are over 30 forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). Accuracy of diagnosis has been refined with the recognition of the dystrophin gene defects and with dystrophin staining of muscle biopsy specimens. Grootenhuis MA, de Boone J, van der Kooi AJ. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Muscle Nerve. 2018. [16], Ambulatory status and age may differentiate DMD from BMD. Consult with your doctor about how much exercise is best. Some other types of MD, like oculopharyngeal MD, do not appear until you are well into adulthood, generally beginning in your 40s or 50s. Spinal radiographs may be performed to follow the progression of scoliosis, particularly during adolescence. [17], A study by De Wel et al indicated that in persons with BMD, loss of ambulation leads to more rapid respiratory deterioration, with a deeper annual decline in forced vital capacity. Yun U, Lee SA, Choi WA, et al. 2015 Jul 26. 2013 Aug 16. Some people report muscle cramps at times; these usually can be treated with over-the-counter pain relievers. Eur J Hum Genet. Outside Organization Programs & Information, Cardiac Complications and Management in BMD. When DMD was first discovered, life expectancy was low. These disorders vary in age of onset, severity, and pattern of affected muscles. How Long Can You Live With Muscular Dystrophy? There is also a form that may be considered as an intermediate between Duchenne and Becker MD (mild DMD or severe BMD). Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) Duan D. Myodys, a full-length dystrophin plasmid vector for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy gene therapy. Clinical examination revealed a waddling gait, enlargement of the calf muscles (Figure (Figure1),1), and wasting of the quadriceps and gluteal muscles, giving the typical pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles. Some people with BMD have mild skeletal muscle involvement but severe cardiac problems. Hayes J, Veyckemans F, Bissonnette B. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an old anesthesia problem revisited. There are more than 30 different types of muscular dystrophy. Patient was diagnosed with BMD when he was 28 years of age when he developed a wide based gait and lower extremity muscle weakness. Those with FSHD have a normal life expectancy. About 10% of patients have an IQ lower than 70.7,8 For more on coping with intellectual effects, seeMedical Management. Ashton EJ, Yau SC, Deans ZC, et al. Most people did not survive past their teen years. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an inherited condition that causes progressive weakness and wasting of the skeletal and cardiac (heart) muscles. There are several different types of muscular dystrophy. It is a type of dystrophinopathy. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Most often, the muscles in the lower limbs are affected before the upper limbs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) Signs and Symptoms The pattern of muscle loss in BMD usually begins with the hips and pelvic area, the thighs, and the shoulders. BMD belongs to a group of dystrophinopathies including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and an intermediate form between DMD and BMD. Udd distal myopathy affects the muscles around the ankle and can spread to those of the shinbone. 2007 Dec 3. Rutkove SB, Darras BT. Muscular Dystrophy Association. The aim of this study was to characterize a unique distribution of muscle involvement in sporadic Becker muscle dystrophy (BMD). If your child has symptoms of any type of muscular dystrophy, see your pediatrician to see what further evaluation is needed. Angelini C, Fanin M, Pegoraro E, et al. A patient in his late 40s presented this disease with duplication of exon 2 in the dystrophin gene. 2013 Sep. 23(9):855-64. and transmitted securely. Braces on the lower legs help keep the limbs stretched and flexible, delaying the onset of contractures. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Mol Ther. The life expectancy of living with DM varies depending on the type of DM and the medical problems present. Risk of fracture in patients with muscular dystrophies. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. ", Shriners Hospitals for Children: "Muscular Dystrophy. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal But Becker muscular dystrophy starts later -- around the teen years. Zhang H, Zhu Y, Sun Y, et al. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)signs & symptoms. It usually affects small muscles first, such as those in the: Symptoms of myotonic dystrophy can start at any time in a person's life. In general, an ambulatory patient who is older than 16 years may be classified as not having the Duchenne phenotype, although some subjects with BMD stop walking between ages 13-16 years. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy usually appears by the age of 10, but can appear in someones 20s. A 38-year-old male with a past medical history of late-onset Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) presented with transient, intermittent loss of vision in his left eye for three days. Late-Onset Dystrophinopathy - PMC - National Center for Biotechnology Copyright 2010 Socit nationale franaise de mdecine interne (SNFMI). for: Medscape. Other types of MD, like Becker MD, may appear later in childhood or even in people up to the age of 25. You can also experience problems of the gastrointestinal system, causing abdominal pain, pseudo obstructions where the muscles stop moving food through the GI tract, or gallstones. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Prednisone is by far the most commonly prescribed corticosteroid for DMD in the United States. The most common form of DM is adult-onset DM1 and usually begins in a persons 30s. Becker muscular dystrophy (often called Becker MD or BMD) is a form of muscular dystrophy, a genetic disorder that gradually makes the body's muscles weaker and smaller. DMD primarily affects boys but can affect girls in rare cases. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research and reference purposes. Bookshelf What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Becker Muscular Dystrophy? Progression of FSHD is typically slow, and some people may never experience symptoms. You are being redirected to Epub 2020 Jun 1. The overall incidence of BMD is one in 35,000 live births, with a prevalence of 2.4 people/100,000 population [2]. No special dietary restrictions or additions are known to help in BMD. Dont be afraid to ask for help if you are struggling. When to see a doctor Causes Risk factors Complications Overview Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. The role of physical therapy services is to address the functional needs of the patient as the disease progresses. Becker muscular dystrophy; EMG; finger flexor weakness; muscle biopsy; muscle disease [185]; quadriceps weakness. The cell reads a gene in a group of three bases resulting in the synthesis of a shorter protein with the partial function of dystrophin. 2014 Aug;32(3):671-88, viii. Am J Hum Genet. 1 Ankle-foot orthosesare sometimes prescribed for night wear to keep feet from pointing downward and keep the Achilles tendon stretched. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. The most common early symptoms of OPMD are drooping of the upper eyelids and difficulty swallowing. NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). [medical citation needed]. Epub 2013 Jul 31. Glucocorticoid treatment should be stopped progressively to avoid adverse reactions. Boys are primarily affected by Becker MD. Support the best week of the year and keep essential programs going strong. Muscular dystrophy - Better Health Channel The age of onset of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is highly varied, ranging from early childhood to later adulthood. Theres some evidence that treatment withangiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitorsandbeta blockerscanslow the course of cardiac muscle deteriorationin BMD if the medications are started as soon as abnormalities on an echocardiogram(imaging of the heart) appear, but before symptoms occur. Ho R, Nguyen ML, Mather P. Myocardial involvement is very frequent among patients affected with subclinical Becker's muscular dystrophy. Each form or subtype is classified by the affected genes and affects men and women. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Johnsen, S. D. Prednisone therapy in Beckers muscular dystrophy. Choose from one of many volunteer opportunities and make a difference for people living with neuromuscular diseases. The site is secure. Cardiomyopathy, which means deterioration of the heart muscle, is common in BMD. Becker muscular dystrophy - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Muscular dystrophy (MD) is an inherited disorder that causes muscle weakness and atrophy. A series by Emery and Skinner showed the mean age for symptom onset to be 11 years, with the age range for onset being 2-21 years. About 10% of people with OPMD will need a wheelchair. Finger flexor muscles were severely weak in 3 of 5 patients, a feature that could lead to a misdiagnosis of inclusion body myositis. There are a number of different types of muscular dystrophy ( table 1 . Emflaza has been proven to improve motor function, strength, and pulmonary function and to reduce the risk of lumbar spine deviations and loss of walking ability. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, [Dilated cardiomyopathy and lipid-lowering drug muscle toxicity revealing late-onset Becker's disease]. Carriers of BMDalso are at higher-than-average risk of developing cardiomyopathy. The Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Research Network. The primary symptom of DMD is muscle weakness that begins in the muscles close to the body and later affects muscles in the outer limbs. and the onset of symptoms usually occurs later. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Because the disease can also affect muscles in the heart and lungs, shortness of breath and abnormal heart rhythms can occur. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Muscular dystrophy symptoms are similar through all types. In 2003 the National Institute of Health (NIH) established a research program to focus solely on muscular dystrophyits causes and potential treatments. Curr Opin Mol Ther. Duplications in the DMD gene. Epub 2015 Apr 20. [25], The progression of Becker muscular dystrophy is highly variablemuch more so than Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Other dystrophies are presented separately. Elizabeth A Moberg-Wolff, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationDisclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Merz. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Duplication in the dystrophin gene occurs in exons 2-10; however, duplication of exon 2 is the most common. The clinical distinction between the 2 conditions is relatively easy because (1) less severe muscle weakness is observed in patients with BMD and (2) affected maternal uncles with BMD continue to be ambulatory after . Babies born with CMD are often characterized as floppy due to muscle weakness. [Full Text]. Appointments 866.588.2264 Appointments & Locations Request an Appointment Symptoms and Causes Diagnosis and Tests Management and Treatment Prevention Outlook / Prognosis Living With Overview Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a rare, inherited condition that results in progressive muscle degeneration and muscle weakness. Mol Ther. MedlinePlus. Heart. 2023, Muscular Dystrophy Association Inc. All rights reserved. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affects the muscles, leading to muscle wasting that gets worse over time. Others are so weak they need to use a wheelchair. Exercise can help build skeletal muscle, keep the cardiovascular system healthy and contribute to feeling better. Menezes MP, North KN. [citation needed]For example some patients with Becker's can be asymptomatic aside from blood work abnormalities, and some can present with progressive muscle weakness, heart defects, and difficulty with activities of daily living. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most severe forms of inherited muscular dystrophies. Muscular Dystrophy Association. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. government site. Multiple Sclerosis. To view an August 2012 video presentation on this topic, seeFunctional Treatment Considerations: Orthotics. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Contractures of the spine, ankles, knees, and elbows usually occur before significant muscle weakness. The outlook for those living with LGMD is highly varied. Weakness progresses, and emergencies related to cardiac and respiratory symptoms are hallmarks of advance in the disease process. The first signs of Becker muscular dystrophy may be trouble walking fast, running, and climbing stairs. Often the muscles that become weak first are the big muscles of the: The muscle weakness gets worse very slowly over time. The primary goals of physical therapy are to allow greater motion in the joints and to prevent contractures and scoliosis (spinal curvature). Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. 24 (5):1267-79. However, some physicians prescribe corticosteroids for severe BMD in much the same way as they would for DMD, if the patient or family wants to try this type of medication. Life expectancy and death from cardiomyopathy amongst carriers of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy in Scotland. Before A physical exam indicates lack of pectoral and upper arm muscles, especially when the disease is unnoticed through the early teen years. Patient", "Becker muscular dystrophy | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) an NCATS Program", "Skipping Multiple Exons to Treat DMDPromises and Challenges", "Cardiovascular Complications Associated with Muscular Dystrophy", "Risk assessment and genetic counseling in families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Current and emerging therapies in Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)", "Duchenne/Becker Treatment and Care | Muscular Dystrophy | NCBDDD | CDC", "Dystrophinopathies Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Activity", "Cardiac Involvement in Patients With Muscular Dystrophies", "Investigation of Debio 025, a cyclophilin inhibitor, in the dystrophic mdx mouse, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "Facts | Muscular Dystrophy | NCBDDD | CDC", "Muscular Dystrophy Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)", "Muscular Dystrophy: Hope Through Research", "NINDS Muscular Dystrophy Information Page", "Molecular diagnosis of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy: enhanced detection of dystrophin gene rearrangements by oligonucleotide array-comparative genomic hybridization", "A comprehensive database of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients (018 years old) in East China", X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Danon disease/glycogen storage disease Type IIb, Alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome, Color blindness (red and green, but not blue), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Becker_muscular_dystrophy&oldid=1162931484, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Benign pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy, X-linked recessive is the manner in which this condition is inherited, Muscle weakness, gradually increasing difficulty with, Muscle biopsy (removes a small piece of muscle tissue, usually from the thigh, to check for dystrophin in muscle cells.).

Tubing South Llano River State Park, What Is Flex Period In School, Melhores Restaurantes Vale Do Douro, Mens Rolex Datejust 41 For Sale Usa, What Is My Country Of Residence, Articles L