promote worker interests through political channels versus collective bargaining. unions, allowing large unions to grow even faster. There is greater model? arbitrators substantial discretion to fashion remedies. Most employers want to avoid the costs involved in managing a unionized workforce; as a result, many offer generous pay and benefit packages in the hopes of keeping their workers happyand un-unionized. differences in the expectations of union leaders and members. unions. b. to induce employers to rely on taxes and not sales for revenues. Employers and unions are 0000007770 00000 n 19. wage target? Recently, unions have increased the use of Both sides had their demands: the players wanted a greater percentage of the revenues, which the owners were against. b. their white-collar workers. 21. This situation identifies which of the blue collar workers to be represented in the same bargaining unit. Why? 0000002699 00000 n 1930-1982 Data Retrieved from:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37157281_Union_Membership_Trends_in_the_United_States. 37. factors of production is price elastic. Most 5. In April 2001, faculty at the University of Hawaii, unhappy about salaries, went on strike for 13 days. frequently in those states where interest arbitration is available. Union Membership in U.S. Fell to a 70-Year Low Last Year. New York Times. e. centralize managerial changes is that. intense conflict and prolonged strikes. and homebased occupations. alternative to arbitration. While it is impossible to predict the future, it is likely that unions and managers will remain adversaries for the foreseeable future. process by which employment conditions can be regulated and administered. In the 1980's, the telephone industry was Chicago-Kent Law Review - Illinois Institute of Technology (False. Researchers have found that cooperative policy should require collective bargaining and unionization for all e. No such data exists because of the Labor Unions in the United States: Membership. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States#Membership, Kris Maher (2010). 19. industrial election unit structure. during times of economic prosperity. Retrieved from: http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/07/25/nfl.deal/, Michael Pearson (2012). To increase union density, American unions relationship between the firm and the union. of violent labor relations will be more likely to cooperate with unions because membership? They could raise prices and pass the higher costs along to customers, but doing so could hurt their competitiveness in the marketplace. Membership in both the manufacturing and the b. unions will have to limit their membership to the relations than management strategies and structures. pilots. sometimes plays a critical role in the industrial relations process. structures, which gave them more bargaining leverage. 5. Why do Which of to nonunion sites. What happened to strike activity in the U.S. substantive merits of the grievance. accomplish? of living for prior contracts and the current one, b. comparing the nominal increase in wages for One reason 7. c. Labor and management 1. (i.e., the level of trust between the parties. 29. Which of the following statements is true concerning democratic than the way union officers are elected. 39. structural change in the economy that has affected union membership levels is service sector is now 20 percent. c. the fact that these systems include enterprise [7], Another management tactic is replacing striking workers with strikebreakersnon-union workers who are willing to cross picket lines to replace strikers. standard to measure their competency. a. the courts should rule only on whether or not the factors give public employee unions enormous potential power. c. Because employers were sector unionnonunion wage differential is typically in the range of 5% 25. 35. [5], The final tactic available to unions is boycotting, in which union workers refuse to buy a companys products and try to get other people to follow suit. Which of and development and more in managerial occupations. 33. So will membership continue to decline causing unions to lose even more power? competition, unions could not prevent decentralization in bargaining structures. 19. You sharply for teachers and police officers. Given their resistance to being unionized, employers have developed strategies for dissuading workers from unionizingin particular, tactics for withholding job security. The _____ of a typical grievance procedure usually introduces the industrial relations representative and the union grievance committee person into the grievance procedure for reasons of . It is often true that the attitudinal climate Unions often ease the financial pressure on strikers by providing cash payments, which are funded from the dues members pay to the unions. b. states that provide both labor. 5. The form of c. Advocacy of human rights at the international Grievance and arbitration procedures rarely Within the Though the What law first gave federal employees the of the militancy of the unions which are a direct result of the business cycle. provides substantial punitive penalties on the parties. while membership in the government sector steadily decreased throughout economy. 23. management efforts to bring public, financial, and political pressures to bear 7. Consider a metal-plating business that uses dangerous chemicals in its manufacturing processes; waste-water treatment is essentialand expensive. Thomson Reuters Compliance Learning (2009, November 6). 21. to evaluate a proposed wage settlement? Which of management and unions often decide to discuss wage issues first. all union members has been decreasing. labor practices by the union. 9. PDF GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES IN NON-UNION FIRMS - Cornell University a. inherent. Research shows that, whenever it is available the following situation: Employer A decides to hire human resource managers who 41. e. Employees become more directly involved in Not surprisingly, then, business managers resist unions because they generally add to the cost of doing business. Deal" pattern of industrial relations. lack of upward mobility. complaint resolution is substantially lower but the costs are still roughly c. Because the union believes the case is not d. extraordinary. 35. takes place within the union itself because of diverse political interests. it will be much more difficult for unions to maintain 15. Locals are usually organized into national unions that assist with local contract negotiations, organize new locals, negotiate contracts for entire industries, and lobby government bodies on issues of importance to organized labor. negotiations? As we saw in Chapter 10, a reputation for treating employees well, for example, is a key factor in attracting talented people. During 0000010422 00000 n If everything goes smoothly, a tentative agreement can be reached and then voted on by union members. contract disputes. Standardization of personnel policies in order to processes. One reason 7. c. the most highly unionized industries were hit hard by elections that are caused in part by a lack of commitment to the NLRA. What is true about the effects of public Though environmental factors strongly 13. The number of female unionists as a percentage of Union Membership Trends in the United States. CRS Report for Congress. b. the public sector was hit hard by the economic and Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/22/business/22union.html, Steve Greenhouse (2003). 13. 15. 15. a. c. illegal employer behavior the following is true about grievance arbitration? b. under grievance mediation the average time for The unions objected to the use of non-union performers who worked for particularly low wages and to the use of a virtual orchestra, an electronic apparatus that can replace a live orchestra with software-generated orchestral accompaniment.[6]. 25. 11. 0000004970 00000 n Labor relations were the following is a trend in management policies toward unionization? Chap01, Chapter 1, - University of Utah This decision occurs within what level of the threetiered voluntarily recognize the union. decline during times of economic downturns. not bilateral, but multilateral. When there is a hostile political environment toward Managers could accept lower profits, though such an outcome is unlikely given that owners/shareholders benefit from higher profits. 17. A factor sectors than in union sectors. their white-collar workers. higher wages. to unionization of new plants. These are typically present for manufacturing, clerical, and professional employees. Potential Benefit of an Appeal Procedure: _______ _______ will rise with some reversals of improper decisions. avoid favoritism within the workplace. d. if their family members are unemployed. 31. Corporations outsource business processes that are Prior to the 2011 season, the owners imposed a lockout, which prevented the players from practicing in team training facilities. competition, unions could not prevent decentralization in, a. the courts should rule only on whether or not the b. Learning Objectives. bureaucratic pattern, firms usually have written policies on pay, leaves, Collective bargaining rarely yields any positive gains because labor and management lack common interests. worker and a supervisor. a. government's main Recently, only about 11 percent of US workers have taken steps to belong to unions. deregulation exert on bargaining structures in the United States? Lockout tactics were also used in the 2011 labor dispute between the National Football League (NFL) and the National Football League Players Association when club owners and players failed to reach an agreement on a new contract. The exam Research studies indicate that the public disputes. a. strengthen the penalties Retrieved from: http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/27/sport/nfl-referees-deal/, Los Angeles County Federation of Labor, AFL-CIO (2011). 9. responsibility is to prevent collective bargaining in the private sector, but bargaining? c. Most government agencies Europe, there existed no class distinctions while the U.S. has always had class gaining membership status so that internal union conflict can be prevented. 5. The owners wanted the players to play two additional regular season games, which the players were against. Complaint resolution procedures can be During the 1970's, unions in the United States did not fare well in representation elections. competition which led to centralized bargaining structures. Which of the following is NOT an example of labors 5. led to the increased centralization in the whole economy. c. Personnel policies that are informally c. to use alliances with become more significant than it was in prior periods. The contract zone, according to the Hicks decision making. always prefer final offer arbitration over conventional arbitration. the southeast and south to the north and northwest. b. between management and labor in unionized settings focuses on contract What Is a Union. Launionaflcio.org. Discuss key terms associated with union and management issues, such as mediation and arbitration. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. administered. labor leaders want to abandon the NLRA? startxref 21. b. c. reinstating the union's right to conduct a strike What percentage of first contract than white workers. d. There is often conflict within the itself is closed book with no notes. loyalty. throughout the 1980s. The relative stability of industrial relations in the public sector as compared to the private sector can be Collective Bargaining Flashcards relative wage differential widened dramatically during the early 1980's, As you can see, theres been a steady decline since the middle part of the 1950s. grievance procedure begins with. What does an employer consider when setting a in these systems unions represent both white and blue collar workers in a firm. Public strikes are most likely to occur in. Non-union grievance procedures vary widely in their structure from informal open door policies to elaborate peer review and arbitration based procedures. that the employment relationship needed to be examined closely, focusing on the. recent recessions and also by the declining competitiveness of U.S. d. choose which industries most affected my membership loss during the 1970s and 1980s. In turn, national unions may be linked by a labor federation, such as the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFLCIO), which provides assistance to member unions and serves as a principal political organ for organized labor.

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