Impact of unleaded gasoline introduction on the concentration of lead in the air of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The topography of this area is quite varied, from the plains to the slopes and hills or mountains ranging to 700meters above sea level. S and K concentrations in the three samples were 12.7, 11.4, 2.7 g m3 and 0.40, 0.42, 0.29 g m3, respectively (Fig. Sampling at the various sites occurred over differing time periods as given in Table 1. Although Bali is famous for its tourism, the air quality in Denpasar still meets Indonesian standards for annual average of PM2.5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.057 Chemical composition of fine particulate matter from peat forest fires at Palangka Raya and its dispersion using HYSPLIT. https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2011.024 Chemical elements including Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, and Pb were determined. APPENDIX A. SUPPLEMETARY DATA INTRODUCTION This result is very different from the results of forest fires in northern Australia with an S/K ratio in the range 24. High Pb may also come from a galvanized plant which in the manufacturing process adds Pb to improve its reflectance properties (Begum and Hopke, 2019). Geophys. Denpasar is the capital of Bali province, famous for its tourism industry giving it a high income per capita in Bali. (2016). Monitoring and Control System for Ammonia and pH Levels for Fish Atmos. November 6, 2019 Information regarding the sampling sites and the measurement periods are provided in Table 1. View contacts for Alcohol Monitoring Systems to access new leads and connect with decision-makers. and Kusmartini, I. : Earth Environ. More than 3300 pairs of samples were collected from the 16 cities across Indonesia. Therefore, in general, the PM2.5 concentrations at Surabaya_2 tend to be higher than those at Surabaya_1. Casablanca Kav. "It's monumental," said Alex Otte of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. The aerosol masses of both PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 fractions were determined by weighing the filters before and after exposure, then divided by the sampled air volume to obtain the PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 concentrations (g m3). (1972). Assoc. We encourage set schedules which establish healthy routines for those in recovery. 7. There are 7 sites on the island of Java (Jakarta,Tangerang, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Semarang, and 2 sites in Surabaya), 2 sites on Sumatra (Pekanbaru and Medan), 2 sites on Kalimantan (Palangka Raya and Balikpapan), 2 sites on Sulawesi (Makassar and Manado), 1site on Maluku (Ambon), 1 site on Papua (Jayapura), 1 site on Bali (Denpasar), and 1site on West Nusa Tenggara (Mataram). S18 show that the annual average PM2.5 at the Balikpapan site in 2015 was higher compared to other years because due to technical problems, sampling was only conducted from August to December 2015. Up to 2015, Indonesian authorities operated an air quality monitoring network that utilized a variety of techniques such as the Air Quality Management System (AQMS), a network for continuous automated monitors for CO, SO2, NOx, O3, and PM10 (PM < 10 m) in 10 cities combined with passive monitors to measure NO2 and SO2 concentrations in 33 provinces. Semarang is the provincial capital of Central Java and the sixth-largest Indonesian city. Time series of PM2.5 concentrations in Yogyakarta. Coulson, J. and Ellison, J.K. (1963). It is a multicultural metropolitan area and a busy trading center. It is the only royal city in Indonesia still ruled by a monarchy. 2, the Indonesian annual standard of 15 g m3 (spanned horizontal line) and 24-h standard of 65 g m3 (dashed line) are shown, while in Fig. and Ngalawani, M.N. The PM10 concentrations for Jakarta were below the Indonesian standard as seen in Table 4 and Fig. Founded in 1997, Alcohol Monitoring Systems (AMS) is a provider of electronic monitoring solutions sold to state and local criminal justice agencies to monitor and manage alcohol and criminal offenders. (2013b). Zinc is also emitted from industrial activities such as non-ferrous metal smelting, galvanizing operations, and municipal solid waste incineration(Hopke et al., 2008). Commins, B.T. The patients that use Soberlink are making an active effort to be accountable in early recovery. S4, S5 and S6, respectively. The economy of Manado consists of the trade, hotels and restaurants, transportation and communications, and other aspects of the service sector. The Surabaya_2 and Tangerang sites exceeded the 24-h National Ambient Air Quality Standard of Indonesia for lead in total suspended particulate matter of 2 g m3 (Santoso et al., 2019). Table 3 and Fig. Investigation of sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and suburban residential areas in Thailand by positive matrix factorization. The PM2.5 concentrations measured in Jakarta at an arterial roadside were higher than the PM2.5 at the urban site in Bandung. This feature is in beta and may change with future updates. The all-in-one Cellular device sends tests directly from the device using a cellular connection limited to North America coverage. Brauer, M., Freedman, G., Frostad, J., Van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R.V., Dentener, F., van Dingenen, R., Estep, K., Amini, H., Apte, J.S., Balakrishnan, K., Barregard, L., Broday, D., Feigin, V., Ghosh, S., Hopke, P.K., Knibbs, L.D., Kokubo, Y., Liu, Y., Cohen, A. Some high PM2.5 concentrations in Medan in 2014, 2016 and 2017 resulted from the extended eruption of Mount Sinabung located 80 km from the city. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.26876 A systematic review on status of lead pollution and toxicity in Iran; Guidance for preventive measures. Fig. The PM2.5 concentrations in 2017 as seen in Fig. (1967). The National Ambient Air Quality Standard of Indonesia for annual average PM2.5 is 15 g m3, while the 24-h standard is 65 g m3. (2018). For method validation, 2783 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) samples were periodically analyzed. The box-and-whisker plot of black carbon concentrations at these sites is shown in Fig. Alcohol Monitoring Systems is funded by Riverside Company. This paper presents a web-based monitoring system on the production process of Yogyakarta Batik industry. 10. Although the annual average met the Indonesian standards, the 8-year annual average for both sites exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) annual standard for PM2.5 (10 g m3). Specializing in flexible and mobile servicing, evidence based programs, and employing experienced professionals, Ohio AMS has grown its list of customer partnerships to over 100 jurisdictions and monitors hundreds of clients daily across 3 states! Setiabudi, Komplek Diklat, Semarang, Indonesia8The Environmental Protection Agency of East Java, Jl. These values were much higher compared to other cities in Asian countries (Hopke et al., 2008), and Surabaya_2 and Tangerang sites exceed the U.S. ambient air quality standard of 0.15 g m3. The average percentages of BC in PM2.5 at these sampling sites were 15.126.0% (Table 2). 63: 10221025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61346-8_14 Begum, B.A., Biswas, S.K. Previous studies have shown that southern Tangerang has serious air pollution problem, mainly related to high Pb concentration in PM2.5 which are very dangerous for the health of the surrounding community especially for children (Santoso et al., 2011). Theseresults adversely affected air quality locally as well as regionally. For Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya, the sources of BC concentrations are poorly known, but in general, black carbon was likely contributed by biomass burning and motor vehicles. The average ratios of PM2.5 to PM10 for Bandung, Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Tangerang, and Yogyakarta on Java were 0.43, 0.40, 0.55, 0.46, 0.51, and 0.47, respectively. Landsberger, S. (1999). SCRAM Systems | LinkedIn 4. Impact of regional haze towards air quality in Malaysia: A review. Lestari and Mauliadi (2009) reported the sources of fine and coarse particulate matter in Bandung using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Atmos. Fig. Begum et al. The concentration of Zn in Surabaya was similar with Dhaka (335 ng m3) which has the main sources of Zn from diesel emission and coal power plant (Begum et al., 2010). From choosing baby's name to helping a teenager choose a college, you'll make . Monitoring over 8 years in Tangerang and Yogyakarta (Table 3 and Fig. Sci. RIS|BibTeX|https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.09.0451. document.getElementById('cloak7237088beec818137b69b824dceeb70b').innerHTML = ''; The Surabaya_2 and Tangerang sites exceeded the 24-h National Ambient Air Quality Standard of Indonesia for lead in total suspended particulate matter of 2 g m3 (Santoso et al., 2019). Alcohol monitoring refers to the act of using a tested device to observe, detect, and record one's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of the percent of alcohol in the bloodstream. The degradation of ambient air quality, especially in major cities, needs major improvements. Surabaya is Indonesias second-largest city with a population of over 2.8 million and industrial activities such as cement factories, smelters, and other metal industries. Law S16. (2011); Dhaka (26.22 g m3) by Begum et al. The recent eruption of Krakatau triggered a tsunami in the Sunda Strait in December 2018 (European Commission, 2018). Jendral Sudirman, Balikpapan, Indonesia14The Environmental Protection Agency of Eco region of Sulawesi Maluku, Jl. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz135 Salako, G.O., Hopke, P.K., Cohen, D.D., Begum, B.A., Biswas, S.K., Pandit, G.G., Chung, Y.S., Rahman, S.A., Hamzah, M.S., Davy, P., Markwitz, A., Shagjjamba, D., Lodoysamba, S., Wimolwattanapun, W. and Bunprapob, S. (2012). (2016). and Suprayadi, L.S. Surabaya_1 is located nearer to the urban centers, while Surabaya_2 is located on the border of Surabaya and Sidoarjo that has major industrial activity. (2019). The smaller Connect device pairs with your Apple or Android smartphone to send tests from anywhere using the phone's WiFi or cellular data. S19 is lower than Indonesian daily standard, it substantially exceeded WHO annual average standard (20 g m3). Hereby, Alcohol Monitoring Systems, Inc. declares that the above products are compliant with the essential requirements and provisions of all applicable Directives. Fig. Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00247-3 S18), except for the 2013 annual average at Surabaya_1. Since 2006, Indonesia has been conducting an urban air quality improvement (UAQi) project with the vision of Clean and Healthy Urban Air in Indonesia in 2020. The project developed various strategies for each issue related to urban air quality improvement on the national and local levels in several large cities (Bappenas, 2006). Total Environ. While for Makassar, the highest BC concentrations were likely contributed from biomass burning (Sattar et al., 2014). and Markwitz, A. The concentrations of the major elements in the PM2.5, viz., Si, S, K, Fe, Zn, and Pb, varied widely from site to site, although all of the locations displayed enhanced levels of the crustal elements Si and S, which originated from unpaved roads and volcanic eruptions, and vehicle fuel, forest fires, and volcanic emissions, respectively. Considering the adverse health effects of this element, appropriate actions must be taken to reduce exposure in these areas. Figs. Yogyakarta showed its highest values in the samples collected during the eruption of Kelud in February 2014 (Fig. Fig. Pekanbaru is the capital of Riau province that is growing rapidly with the development of industries especially those related to petroleum and is a major economic center on the island of Sumatra. Santoso, M, Lestiani, D.D., Mukhtar, R., Hamonangan, E., Syafrul, H., Markwitz, A. and Hopke, P.K. Santoso et al. Continuous alcohol monitoring (CAM) technology (also referred to as transdermal alcohol monitoring) is designed to monitor alcohol consumption among offenders who consume alcohol and it is a common sanction applied to drunk drivers. Monitoring Center Services. The highest Si concentrations in Yogyakarta were observed in the samples collected during the eruption episode as shown in the time series plot for Yogyakarta (Fig. (2017). Although Bali is famous for its tourism, the air quality in Denpasar still meets Indonesian standards for annual average of PM2.5. Tangerang is an independent city in Banten province near Jakarta and categorized as an industrial city. : Earth Environ. Sci. Different numbers of source factors were resolved during the dry and wet seasons. Ambon is the center of the port, tourism and education for the Maluku Islands region. S18 have a wide range. Alcohol Monitoring Systems is located in Littleton, Colorado, United States. (2008). -2158 Chem. The high concentrations of Zn in Surabaya, Semarang, and Jakarta with average concentrations of 285, 91 and 114 ng m3, respectively, were lower than the value in Selangor (389.3 ng m3), but higher compared to reported value in Petaling Jaya (39 ng m3) (Rahman et al., 2011; Khan et al., 2016). Amsterdam, netherland: Gordon and breach science publisher. The average ratios of PM2.5 to PM10 for Bandung, Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Tangerang, and Yogyakarta on Java were 0.43, 0.40, 0.55, 0.46, 0.51, and 0.47, respectively. Pekanbaru is the capital city of Riau, the largest economic center in the eastern part of Sumatra island, and has a high growth rate of migration and urbanization. (2014). Aerosol and Air Quality Research (AAQR) is an independently-run non-profit journal that promotes submissions of high-quality research and strives to be one of the leading aerosol and air quality open-access journals in the world. Sampling at the various sites occurred over differing time periods as given in Table 1. Portable Alcohol Breathalyzers - LifeSafer Breathalyzers https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.09.0451, Santoso, M., Lestiani D.D., Kurniawati, S., Damastuti, E., Kusmartini, I., Atmodjo, D.P.D., Sari, D.K., Hopke, P.K., Mukhtar, R., Muhtarom, T., Tjahyadi, A., Parian, S., Kholik, N., Sutrisno, D.A., Wahyudi, D., Sitorus, T.D., Djamilus, J., Riadi, A., Supriyanto, J., Dahyar, N., Sondakh, S., Hogendorp, K., Wahyuni, N., Bejawan, I.G. The annual average PM2.5 has exceeded Indonesian standard. Atmos. The ankle bracelet alcohol monitoring system is an example of one that is often used in criminal justice. Unlike an interlock, CAM does not prevent an individual from driving after consuming alcohol. Ser. P3KLL, K. (2010). The results obtained in the present study showed that the average levelof lead in PM2.5 collected during this study in Tangerang was 9.7, 4.2, 61 and 20 times higher than other sites in Java (Bandung, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Semarang, respectively). These concentrations are likely the result of high sulfur concentrations in motor vehicle fuels since there is more than 2000 ppm S in diesel fuel in 2007 (Haryanto, 2018). Haryanto, B. Hopke, P.K, Cohen, D.D., Begum, B.A., Biswas, S.K., Ni, B., Pandit, G.G., Santoso, M., Chung, Y.S., Davy, P., Markwitz, A., Waheed, S., Siddique, N., Santos, F.L., Pabroa, P.C.B., Seneviratne, M.C.S., Wimolwattanapun, W., Bunprapob, S., Vuongm, T.B., Duy Hien, P. and Markowicz, A. Sinabung is one of the active volcanoes in Sumatra, which straddles the Pacific Ring of Fire. Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world. Although remote alcohol monitoring systems had already been established in the criminal justice field, Soberlink was the first company to focus on . (1972). Additionally, the concentrations of the major elements in the PM2.5, viz., Si, S, K, Fe, Zn, and Pb, varied between the sites, and all of the locations exhibiting elevated levels of Si were likely affected by road dust and volcanic emissions. Sulong, N.A., Latif, M.T., Khan, M.F., Amil, N., Ashfold, M.J., Wahab, M.I.A., Chan, K.M. + 'go' + '.' and Horwell, C.J. Environ. (2020). Enter your email address to receive latest updates andresearcharticlesto your inbox every second week. These concentrations are likely the result of high sulfur contributions from the nearby volcano, Tangkuban Perahu, which is 30 km north of Bandung (Santoso et al., 2008; Kurniawati et al., 2019). https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2009.12.0082 Several programs have been implemented such as increasing the number and quality of mass transportation, requiring a minimum number of passengers in one car (three in one), implementing car-free days, and various other programs, but these efforts have not been able to reach the goal of bringing the annual average concentration of PM2.5 below the Indonesian standard. The daily average PM10 is below the Indonesian standard. The time series of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Yogyakarta before and after the eruption of Mount Kelud are shown in Fig. The sampling locations for these 16 cities are shown in Fig. Monitoring Program Management SCRAM 24/7 brings together all clients and testing methods into one, easy-to-use platform. Increased coal combustion, increased populations, and use of more motor vehicles might also be factors of high pollution in addition to the forest fires. Balikpapan is a city in East Kalimantan province serving as a business and industrial center. Indonesian J. Chem. I have said often, as soon as they go public I want in. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (2019). As seen in Figs. During October 2015 when there was a forest fire in Palangka Raya, three samples were obtained that had very high PM2.5 concentrations, reaching 377, 350, and 327 g m3. It was revealing that patients brought up these difficulties while clinicians . The eruption spread volcanic ash over a large portion of Java including Central Java and Yogyakarta. 4. Soberlink Remote Alcohol Monitoring | Improving Lives The time series of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Yogyakarta before and after the eruption of Mount Kelud are shown in Fig. The time series plots for these locations are presented in Figs. and Hopke, P.K. Sampling sites. Sci. The economy and markets are "under surveillance". Ser. Haryanto, B. NTSB recommends blood-alcohol monitoring systems in all new cars to The time series plots for the Yogyakarta sites is provided in Fig. The fires in 2015 affected the air quality more than the fires event in the previous year (Fig. 397: 229237. and Sanuri, E. (2011). (2010), while compared to study in urban and suburban area in Thailand, the value in this study was similar with the mean of fine particulate in Bang Khen and Khlong Ha, Thailand (13.4 and 18.1 g m3, respectively), by Chueinta et al. Alcohol Monitoring Systems, Inc. Company Profile | Littleton, CO The ash reached as far as 240 km west of volcano into the western region of Java by the afternoon of 14 February where traces of volcanic ash were found in Bandung, Yogyakarta and surrounding areas (Kristiansen et al., 2015; Lestiani et al., 2018). Up to 2015, Indonesian authorities operated an air quality monitoring network that utilized a variety of techniques such as the Air Quality Management System (AQMS), a network for continuous automated monitors for CO, SO2, NOx, O3, and PM10 (PM < 10 m) in 10 cities combined with passive monitors to measure NO2 and SO2 concentrations in 33 provinces. The majority of the average annual PM2.5 concentrations measured at the Java sites (Bandung, Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya) exceeded the Indonesian annual ambient air quality standard (15 g m3), although the other tested locations, excluding Pekanbaru and Palangka Raya, exhibited values below the standard. Lestiani, D.D., Santoso, M., Trompetter, W.J., Barry, B., Davy, P.K. The annual average PM2.5 for Ambon, Jayapura and Manado meet both Indonesian and WHO standards. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.09.0451. Source apportionment of particulate matter at urban mixed site in Indonesia using PMF. All rights reserved. Santoso, M, Lestiani, D.D., Mukhtar, R., Hamonangan, E., Syafrul, H., Markwitz, A. and Hopke, P.K. Thus, efforts to reduce the occurrence of large fires are enforced by the government and their resulting consequences need to be continued. Based on a formal memorandum of understanding between the National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) and MoEF signed in 2011 and extended in 2016, BATAN and MoEF proposed an IAEA technical cooperation project as a national program to monitor air quality in cities covering most of the larger islands in Indonesia. Time series of PM2.5 and PM10 in Palangka Raya from 2015 to 2016. Air pollution has received attention in several large cities in Indonesia because there is a tendency of decreasing air quality in these cities. 18: 457463. Fine particulate matter in the tropical environment: monsoonal effects, source apportionment, and health risk assessment. S18 and S19, respectively. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT High mass concentrations in Bandung and Yogyakarta resulted from the Kelud volcano eruption, as seen in Figs. Sci. + 'id'; We hope to give individuals in recovery the power of accountability while staying connected with loved ones to rebuild trust and relationships. Although there are ongoing programs that have been conducted to control it, the results obtained from this study showed that the air quality of several areas fell below the Indonesian standards especially for annual average PM2.5. Total. J. Phys. In Elemental analysis of airborne particles, Creatchman, M. These concentrations are likely the result of high sulfur concentrations in motor vehicle fuels since there is more than 2000 ppm S in diesel fuel in 2007 (Haryanto, 2018). Ambon is the center of the port, tourism and education for the Maluku Islands region. For Jakarta, the BC sources were attributed to motor vehicles since the sampling site in Jakarta was located near one of the busiest arterial roads (Santoso et al., 2013a). Based on a formal memorandum of understanding between the National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) and MoEF signed in 2011 and extended in 2016, BATAN and MoEF proposed an IAEA technical cooperation project as a national program to monitor air quality in cities covering most of the larger islands in Indonesia. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. In Tangerang, Santoso et al. Average BC concentrations for the sites on Java ranged from 2.38 to 3.55 g m3, with average percentages of BC in PM2.5 at these sampling sites were 19.622.6%. 1 Kuningan Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia5The Environmental Protection Agency of West Java, Jl Naripan 25 Bandung, Indonesia6Center for Accelerator Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia7The Environmental Protection Agency of Center Java, Jl. (2016); Petaling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur (26.85 g m3), by Rahman et al. Surabaya is Indonesias second-largest city with a population of over 2.8 million and industrial activities such as cement factories, smelters, and other metal industries. 101 Constitution Avenue, NW 2: 197206. S18. The National Transportation Safety Board is recommending that all new vehicles in the U.S. be required to have blood alcohol monitoring systems that can stop an intoxicated person from driving. Lestiani, D.D., Apryani, R., Lestari, L., Santoso, M., Hadisantoso, E.P. Lestiani, D.D, Santoso, M., Kurniawati, S., Sari, D.K., Kusmartini, I., Manurung, A. and Riadi, A. Who invested in Alcohol Monitoring Systems? var addy_text7237088beec818137b69b824dceeb70b = '';document.getElementById('cloak7237088beec818137b69b824dceeb70b').innerHTML += ''+addy_text7237088beec818137b69b824dceeb70b+'<\/a>'; For PM10, as shown in Table 4 and Fig. Other studies have found that the device is effective while worn and most effective with repeat DUI offenders (those with two or more convictions). S18. Observations from a ten-year-study of pollution at a site in the city of London. BC concentrations at the Java island sites (Bandung, Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya) were higher than sites outside Java. The 8 years of monitoring in Jakarta (20102017) showed the average annual PM2.5 concentrations failed to meet Indonesian standard. 12 cities had ratios less than 0.5 indicating considerable involvement of higher coarse particle masses. S19. The citys economy is the largest in Kalimantan, which is based on an industrial sector dominated by oil and gas, trade and service industries. High mass concentrations in Bandung and Yogyakarta resulted from the Kelud volcano eruption, as seen in Figs. Identification of sources from chemical characterization of fine particulate matter and assessment of ambient air quality in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The commuters contribute significantly to the traffic density in Jakarta. Kristiansen, N.I., Prata, A.J., Stohl, A. and Carn, S.A. (2015). Res. The average BC shown in Fig. The high concentrations of K in Pekanbaru and Palangka Raya were related to the forest fire events that occur frequently in these locations. The daily average PM10 is below the Indonesian standard. For the sites in Java, the results obtained from this study indicated that most cities failed to meet the Indonesian annual ambient air quality standard for PM2.5. The mean PM2.5-10 concentrations in Bandung and Lembang were 17.64 9.42 and 7.10 7.04 g m3, respectively. The impact of the 2015 forest fires episode on air quality in Palangka Raya was significantly higher with PM concentrations that were 10100 times the normal values (Fig. Suite 375 East, 2021 Impact Factor:4.535-Year Impact Factor:3.668, CLOCKSS system has permission to ingest, preserve, and serve this Archival Unit. 12 cities had ratios less than 0.5 indicating considerable involvement of higher coarse particle masses. The S/K ratios were 31, 27 and 9. Yogyakarta received the highest impact compared to the other sites because during the eruption, the volcano ejected 17 km into the atmosphere, and the wind blew strongly to the west (Kristiansen et al., 2015). Thats a Bargain. Statistics from the 24/7 Sobriety Programin South Dakota also reveal a high rate of compliance among DUI offenders who are required to use CAM.
